Scalp ringworm is caused by fungal organisms known as dermatophytes. A dermatophyte is not the same type of organism that causes ringworm on the skin; this fungus penetrates the scalp and results in a more aggressive form of the infection. If not treated properly, tinea capitis can cause permanent hair loss, and damage to the scalp area.
Tinea capitis is more common among children 4 to 14 years of age. Youngsters who spend time in crowded settings such as child care centers, and schools are more likely to get scalp ringworm because they are in close contact with each other, have poor hand washing practices, and frequently share common items such as toys. Tinea capitis tends to be more severe in children who have compromised immune systems.
Symptoms of scalp ringworm include bald patches, dandruff, itching, puss-filled sores, small red bumps, and black spots on the head. Tinea capitis can sometimes be mistaken for conditions such as psoriasis, or seborrheic dermatitis.
A physician can determine if a child has ringworm in his scalp by doing a visual inspection of the affected area, and a biopsy. In some cases, a wood’s lamp may be used to confirm the presence of the condition.
How to Treat Tinea Capitis in Children
Tinea capitis penetrates the hair follicles, so over-the-counter medications won’t rid a child of the infection. Prescription oral antifungal medications, and shampoo containing selenium sulfide or ketoconazole are required to treat this condition properly. If a child is suspected of having ringworm of the scalp, take him to see a doctor as soon as possible.
With appropriate treatment, scalp ringworm takes six to eight weeks to heal. But a kid can usually return to school soon after he begins treatment. Even if a child's ringworm infection appears to be gone, follow the doctor's recommendations as to how long treatment should continue.
How to Prevent the Spread of Scalp Ringworm
Ringworm of the scalp is easily transmitted via person-to-person contact, and by sharing items such as brushes, combs, hats, hair clips, scarves, and towels. So never allow kids to share these things. Use a bleach-water solution to disinfect showers, and tubs after a person with scalp ringworm has used them. And encourage kids to practice good hygiene.
If tinea capitis is not properly treated, it can cause permanent damage to the scalp. But if the fungus is identified early, and treatment is administered, tinea capitis in children will resolve without any adverse effects.
References:
emedicinehealth. Accessed November 19, 2009.
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital. Accessed November 19, 2009.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Accessed November 19, 2009.
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